Associations between human genetic and craniometric differentiation across North Eurasia: The role of geographic scale

This study sets out to consider the influence of geographical scale on association between molecular genetic differentiation and craniometric phenotypic in recent human populations. We employ interpopulation distance measurements for three different anatomical regions skull systems markers 30 Eurasian Our original dataset comprises 703 male skulls measured 21 mid-facial, 15 neurocranial 6 mandibular measurements, all cases assessing Mahalanobis distances Published data more than 2,000 individuals were summarized by between-population FST based allele frequencies autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as well Cavalli-Sforza 19 Y-chromosome 29 mtDNA haplogroups. For scales analysis, we used Mantel tests assess inter-population cranial markers. results show that level depends part quantified set variables employed. In our dataset, this is much stronger mid-face vault. Furthermore, test correlation coefficients broadest, intercontinental analysis are moderate high, some among highest published so far. They consistently lower at smaller geographic levels comparison. Autosomal SNP exhibit strongest associations with morphology almost levels. evaluated against background previous studies craniometric, genetic, distances, drawing attention need investing effort studying factors affecting regional local